疏勒河流域2001~2010年水足迹动态特征及评价

随着人口增长、城市化进程的发展和社会经济发展,以及全球气候变化等因素的影响,疏勒河地区生态用水不断被挤占,造成地下水位下降,天然植被也因缺水而退化,水资源供需矛盾突出,为了有效改善水资源利用效率,利用水足迹模型研究了疏勒河流域2001~2010年的水足迹动态特征。结果表明:疏勒河流域2001~2010年总水足迹呈增长趋势,人均水足迹从2001年的772.537m3增加到2010年的1 304.476m3。疏勒河流域水资源集约利用度呈增长趋势,从2001年的6.053增加到2010年的10.875,说明疏勒河流域水资源利用效率提高了。疏勒河流域水资源压力指数从2001年的0.447增加到2010年的0.747,说明疏勒河水资源利用压力虽处于水资源可承载范围内,但其水资源压力不断上升。农田灌溉用水和农田种植面积均与农畜产品虚拟水足迹呈显著正相关关系(P0.05)。未来还需从实施节水农业战略等方面提高流域水资源利用效率,以及通过虚拟水贸易方式优化产业结构,以实现疏勒河流域水资源可持续利用和经济社会可持续发展。     

国内苜蓿草供需现状及中美贸易摩擦带来的影响与对策

苜蓿草是国家的重要战略资源,是奶牛养殖过程中优质的蛋白质来源。我国牧草产业起步较晚,种植面积虽然居于世界第二位,但由于生产技术落后,优质商品草供给不足。从国内苜蓿商品草供给、市场需求和贸易3个方面阐述了国内苜蓿草产业的市场供需现状及存在的问题,测算了优质苜蓿草的需求量和产需缺口,分析了中美贸易摩擦对国内苜蓿和奶业市场的影响,并提出相关的政策建议。     

进口大豆粉碎细度对索氏抽提法测粗脂肪含量的影响

以进口大豆为研究对象,采用高效粉碎机和脂肪测定仪进行粉碎和抽提,研究其粉碎细度对索氏抽提法测粗脂肪含量的影响。结果表明,大豆粉碎细度越小,其粗脂肪含量测得越高。     

植物生态提取业中产品生态贸易的发展趋势

近几年，中国提取物产业发展迅速，中国植物提取物出口发展势头良好，年平均增幅在20％以上，出口持续快速增长。中国植物提取物进入国际市场存在的主要问题是在国与国之间在实际法规、技术标准、认证制度和检验制度等方面的差异形成的技术贸易壁垒和环境壁垒。通过生态技术途径突破贸易壁垒是中国植物提取物生态贸易的发展趋势。     

进口小麦中超标麦角的色选机剔除处理技术初探

通过色选机对进境小麦麦角超标进行加工处理,以剔除混在进境小麦中的麦角。结果显示:色选机可以剔除大部分麦角,使其含量降至国家标准以内。我们推荐参数(使用布勒-SORTEX B色选机时)为:小麦流量不超过设计产能80%,色选机初选异色剔除粒、疵点剔除粒分别设定为55%、50%,色选机复选异色剔除粒、疵点剔除粒分别设定为50%、45%。     

GIS内外业一体化数据双向同步技术研究

对空间数据内外业一体化作业过程中数据双向同步技术进行研究。阐述GIS数据双向同步的原理、数据还原原理,提出了基于最优差异化机制的双向数据同步模型,并给出此模型基础上的技术实现案例。实践表明,此方案能很好地解决GIS内外业一体化的数据同步需求。     

新型国产白油佐剂与进口Marcol-52白油佐剂配制疫苗的比较试验

The Newcastle disease inactivated vaccines were prepared with oil adjuvants respectively from domestic and import.The experiments were done in order to compare the new domestic oil and Marcol-52 according to a series of testing indexes. The results showed that the quality of the new domestic oil was better than Marcol-52, except the absorptive quality.     

中国茶叶出口的影响因素与贸易效率 ——基于随机前沿引力模型的实证分析

基于时变随机前沿引力模型和贸易非效率模型,运用37个代表性国家和地区2001—2017年面板数据,实证分析了中国茶叶出口的影响因素与贸易效率。结果显示,我国茶叶出口贸易效率呈现随时间递增的趋势,但是总体上我国茶叶出口效率处于较低水平,且呈现区域不平衡,对发达经济体的出口贸易效率相对较高,与“一带一路”沿线国家的茶叶贸易效率比较低;我国茶叶出口效率无法完全实现主要是由于技术效率损失;国内供给增加、进口市场容量扩大以及贸易成本降低均对茶叶贸易效率有促进作用;进口市场营商环境改善一定程度上能够抵消贸易非效率的影响,提升我国茶叶出口效率;自由贸易协定对于我国茶叶出口尚未发挥作用。     

High vegetative compatibility diversity of Cryphonectria parasitica infecting sweet chestnut (Castanea sativa) in Britain indicates multiple pathogen introductions

Chestnut blight, caused by Cryphonectria parasitica, was identified in Devon, UK, in December 2016. Intensive surveys detected the disease at further sites in Devon (seven), Berkshire (one), Dorset (one), Derbyshire (four) and a cluster of eight sites in southeast London. Over 570 survey samples were tested, and 227 were positive for C. parasitica by isolation and real-time PCR. A total of 227 isolates were tested for mating type, and 197 screened for vegetative compatibility group (VCG) and compared with VCGs known from mainland Europe. The same isolates were also screened for the presence of Cryphonectria hypovirus 1 (CHV-1). Eleven VCGs were identified within the UK population. Five corresponded to already known European VCGs but six were unique. The European VCGs mainly came from the Devon, Dorset, Berkshire and Derbyshire disease outbreaks, whilst unique VCGs were almost exclusively from the southeast London cluster. Both mating types were detected, but only one mating type was present at each site, with the exception of a single Devon site. Perithecia of C. parasitica were never observed at any site. CHV-1 was found in seven isolates from three different locations and was always subtype-I, which has limited hypovirulence. Therefore, although CHV-1 is associated with C. parasitica at some outbreaks, it probably has limited impact on virulence. The diversity of VCGs and their distribution at outbreak sites, together with findings of CHV-1, suggests C. parasitica has been introduced to the UK multiple times over at least two decades through international plant trade.